Ruthenium (Ru), atomic number 44, is a distinctive member of the platinum group metals often underestimated in value. With a melting point of 2334°C, density of 12.45 g/cm³, and exceptional chemical inertness, ruthenium has become an irreplaceable alloying element in…
Rhodium (Rh) is one of the most strategically valuable platinum group metals, with global demand exceeding 87% coming from automotive three-way catalysts. With a melting point of 1966°C, excellent chemical stability, high hardness, and wear resistance, rhodium is irreplaceable in…
As chip geometries continue to shrink and power densities rise, thermal management in electronic packaging has become a critical bottleneck limiting device performance and reliability. Against this backdrop, gallium (Ga) -based liquid metal materials have emerged as a transformative solution, redefining the…
Hafnium (Hf), a rare refractory metal, has become strategically indispensable in nuclear industry, aerospace, and semiconductor manufacturing due to its exceptional neutron absorption capability, high-temperature stability, and high dielectric constant. From 2024 to 2026, driven by the AI computing boom,…
The platinum group metals (PGMs)—platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), rhodium (Rh), iridium (Ir), osmium (Os), and ruthenium (Ru)—are six transition metals in Group VIII of the periodic table. With an extremely low crustal abundance (approximately 0.001 ppm total PGE content) and…
