Abstract Biosensors enable real-time monitoring of redox potential (ORP), selenium (Se) concentration, and toxic by-products during selenium recovery processes. Typical applications include: (1) microbial fuel cell sensors based on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which dynamically reflect Se(IV) concentration via current changes…
Shaoguan Yuntian Metals ITO (indium tin oxide) films are the most commonly used transparent conductive materials. They are typically deposited onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering; however, the utilization rate of the ITO targets is relatively low—only about 30% is…
Abstract Microwave-assisted leaching technology significantly improves the recovery efficiency of tellurium (Te) from waste materials by selective heating and reduction of reaction activation energy. Typical applications demonstrate that: (1) at 800 W microwave power, the leaching rate of copper telluride…
Abstract Economies of scale in gallium (Ga) recovery can be realized through centralized raw material processing, integrated process optimization, and synergistic extraction of by-products. Large-scale recovery plants (annual throughput ≥500 tons of Ga-containing waste) can reduce unit costs to below…
Abstract The recovery of germanium (Ge) from discarded optical fiber materials significantly reduces the risk of heavy metal pollution while enhancing resource recycling efficiency. Typical case studies include: (1) Hydrometallurgical processes (hydrochloric acid leaching followed by distillation purification) achieving Ge…
