Abstract Iridium (Ir) is a transition metal with an extremely high density and a silvery-white luster, renowned for its exceptionally high melting point and corrosion resistance. Owing to its chemical stability and excellent corrosion resistance under acidic conditions, iridium is…
Abstract Tin (Sn) is a silvery-white metal widely used in industry and daily life due to its excellent ductility and corrosion resistance. With a relatively low melting point of about 232°C, tin is easily formable and represents a typical flexible…
Abstract Selenium (Se) is a nonmetallic element exhibiting diverse chemical properties, with widespread applications in industry, electronics, and biology. Its common oxidation states include -2, 0, and +4, with the +4 state frequently occurring in selenium dioxide (SeO₂). Selenium forms…
Abstract Terbium (Tb) is a silvery-gray rare earth metal that plays a significant role in modern technology due to its unique physical and chemical properties. Terbium exhibits moderate hardness and good ductility, maintaining stability at high temperatures. Chemically, terbium forms…
Abstract Praseodymium-neodymium (Pr-Nd) alloys have extensive and important applications in magnetic materials, particularly in the field of high-performance permanent magnets. Due to their superior magnetic properties, including high coercivity and remanence, Pr-Nd alloys are widely used in the manufacture of…
