Abstract Plasma technology significantly enhances the recovery efficiency and purity of bismuth (Bi) through high-temperature ionization and selective reduction. Typical applications include: (1) radio-frequency (RF) plasma treatment (50 kW power) of electronic waste containing bismuth, achieving over 98% Bi volatilization…
Abstract Biosensors enable real-time monitoring of redox potential (ORP), selenium (Se) concentration, and toxic by-products during selenium recovery processes. Typical applications include: (1) microbial fuel cell sensors based on sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), which dynamically reflect Se(IV) concentration via current changes…
Shaoguan Yuntian Metals ITO (indium tin oxide) films are the most commonly used transparent conductive materials. They are typically deposited onto glass substrates by magnetron sputtering; however, the utilization rate of the ITO targets is relatively low—only about 30% is…
Abstract Microwave-assisted leaching technology significantly improves the recovery efficiency of tellurium (Te) from waste materials by selective heating and reduction of reaction activation energy. Typical applications demonstrate that: (1) at 800 W microwave power, the leaching rate of copper telluride…
Abstract Economies of scale in gallium (Ga) recovery can be realized through centralized raw material processing, integrated process optimization, and synergistic extraction of by-products. Large-scale recovery plants (annual throughput ≥500 tons of Ga-containing waste) can reduce unit costs to below…
