Effective solutions to improve the creep resistance of bismuth-based low-temperature solders include: 1) Nanoparticle doping (e.g., 3% Al₂O₃ doping reduces the steady-state creep rate to 2.4×10⁻⁸ s⁻¹); 2) Multi-element alloying (Bi-20Sn-0.5Ag can increase the stress exponent n from 4.2 to…
Innovative paths for germanium recycling enterprises to enhance competitiveness include: 1) Multi-source synergistic recycling technology (co-production from zinc slag/coal ash/fiber waste, increasing germanium enrichment efficiency by 5 times); 2) Selective organophosphonic acid extraction process (Ge recovery rate >99.5%, separation factor…
The core pathways for optimizing tin recovery processes using ultrasonic-assisted leaching technology include: 1) Cavitation effect enhancing interfacial reactions (micro-jet pressure >20MPa, leaching rate increased by 3 times); 2) Low-frequency high-power ultrasound (20kHz², leaching time shortened from 8h to 1.5h);…
