Abstract The gallium recycling industry faces complex supply chain management challenges, including raw material fluctuations, process uncertainties, and output quality optimization. The integration of big data and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has greatly enhanced this sector. Data analytics enable market…
Abstract Hafnium (Hf), a transition metal in the fourth period of the periodic table, possesses unique physical and chemical properties that underpin its extensive applications in high-technology fields. Its physical attributes include excellent corrosion resistance, a high melting point (approximately…
Abstract Rhenium (Re) is a rare, high-density transition metal whose unique physical and chemical properties confer significant value in industrial and technological applications. It possesses an exceptionally high melting point (3186℃), high density (21.02 g/cm³), excellent corrosion resistance, and strong…
Abstract Osmium (Os), the 76th element in the periodic table, is renowned for its high density and hardness, ranking among the heaviest naturally occurring elements. Its physical properties include an exceptionally high density (approximately 22.59 g/cm³) and melting point (3033°C),…
Abstract Tellurium (Te) is a critical rare metal extensively used in photovoltaic and electronic industries. In recent years, significant breakthroughs have been achieved in employing bioadsorption and biodegradation technologies for tellurium recovery. Key advancements include: (1) genetic engineering of microorganisms…
1.Overview of Dispersed Metals Dispersed metals typically refer to a group of chemical elements including gallium (Ga), germanium (Ge), selenium (Se), indium (In), tellurium (Te), rhenium (Re), and thallium (Tl); some definitions also encompass rubidium, hafnium, scandium, vanadium, and cadmium.…
Abstract Dysprosium (Dy) is a rare earth element of significant industrial value, widely utilized across various fields due to its unique magnetic and optical properties. Its primary applications include enhancing high-temperature performance in neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) permanent magnets, serving as a…
Abstract The ratio of indium oxide (In₂O₃) to tin oxide (SnO₂) in indium tin oxide (ITO) significantly influences the optoelectronic properties of ITO thin films. Studies show that: (1) at an In₂O₃:SnO₂ ratio of 90:10, the thin films achieve a…
Abstract Liquid–liquid extraction technology, leveraging highly selective extractants combined with multistage counter-current processes, can efficiently enrich tin (Sn) from low-concentration tin-containing waste streams. Typical applications demonstrate that: (1) the tri-n-butyl phosphate (TBP)-kerosene system extracts tin from acidic leach solutions containing…
Shaoguan Yuntian Metals Abstract In processes such as bauxite refining and alumina production, trace amounts of metallic gallium are commonly present in alkaline mother liquors. Despite its extremely low concentration, gallium is a critical rare metal widely used in semiconductors,…
